Anti-human primary antibodies are immunoreagents that specifically recognize and bind to human antigens, including immunoglobulins, cellular surface markers, intracellular proteins, and soluble analytes. Produced by immunizing host species such as goat, rabbit, mouse, rat, or chicken with purified human proteins or whole immunoglobulins, these antibodies are purified via immunoaffinity or protein A/G chromatography to isolate high-affinity fractions. Available in unconjugated or conjugated formats (HRP, alkaline phosphatase, FITC, PE, APC, Alexa Fluor®, biotin), they offer flexibility across detection platforms.
Specificity options include anti-IgG (H+L), anti-IgG (Fc), anti-IgG (Fab), and isotype-specific reagents (IgG1–IgG4, IgA, IgM, IgE, IgD). Additional specificities target cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α), chemokines, growth factors, CD antigens, MHC molecules, transcription factors, phosphoproteins, and infectious disease markers. Extensive cross-adsorption against serum proteins from mouse, rat, rabbit, goat, and bovine eliminates nonspecific binding in multi-species samples.
Applications
Anti-human antibodies are employed across virtually all immunoassay formats. In Western blotting, they detect human proteins for expression and modification studies. In ELISA, they quantify cytokines, disease biomarkers, therapeutic antibodies, and infectious disease markers (HIV, HBV, HCV). In immunohistochemistry, they enable antigen localization in human tissues for diagnostic pathology and cancer biomarker identification. In flow cytometry and FACS, they facilitate immunophenotyping of human leukocyte subsets for immunology and transplant monitoring. In immunoprecipitation and ChIP, they enable protein and DNA-protein complex enrichment. Additional applications include neutralization assays, immunofluorescence microscopy, and cell proliferation studies. Optimal dilutions are application-dependent. These reagents are intended for research use only.
